Hubris and havoc: How Iran’s overconfidence may have led to ‘pre-emptive’ Israeli strikes

Hubris and havoc: How Iran’s overconfidence may have led to ‘pre-emptive’ Israeli strikes

Years of military escalation, nuclear defiance and diplomatic dismissals led Iran to miscalculate its security inviting a crippling Israeli response

People walk near a damaged building in the aftermath of Israeli strikes, in Tehran, Iran, June 13, 2025. Reuters